226. The demonstrative adjectives
are:
| |
Singular |
Plural |
| |
Masc. este
Fem. esta |
} |
this
(near the speaker) |
estos, these
estas,
these |
| |
Masc. ese
Fem. esa |
} |
that
(near the person
addressed) |
esos, those
esas,
those |
| |
Masc. aquel
Fem. aquella |
} |
that
(remote both
from the speaker and person addressed) |
aquellos, those
aquellas,
those |
Demonstrative adjectives agree in gender and number with the noun
modified, and they regularly precede the noun.
| Este libro que tengo. |
This book which I have. |
| Ese libro que tiene V. |
That book which you have. |
| Aquel libro que compró su
hermano. |
That book which your brother bought. |
227. Demonstrative Pronouns. The demonstrative
pronouns are the same in form as the demonstrative adjectives, but
they always have the accent mark: éste, ése,
aquél, ésa, aquélla, etc.
Esta mesa es mía,
aquélla
es tuya. |
This table is mine, that one
is yours. |
Deseo dos libros; dame ése
y aquél. |
I want two books; give me that one (near
you) and that one (yonder). |
a. As correlatives, aquél means
' the former,' éste, ' the latter.'
b. Ésta, ésa also mean
' this city,' ' that city':
| Todo va bien en
ésta. |
All goes well in this city. |
| ¿Es bueno el clima en
ésa? |
Is the climate good in that
(your) city? |
c. The demonstrative pronouns have also the neuter forms
esto, eso, aquello, which refer to general ideas
or phrases (see ello, 139 e). These
forms have no accent mark.
| Eso es bueno, pero esto
no. |
That is good, but this is not. |
| Eso no quita que vaya. |
That does not prevent my going. |
228. Use of the Article for the Pronoun. Before
a relative clause, or before a phrase introduced by the preposition
de, the definite article is used for the demonstrative
or personal pronoun.
| La que fué al
mercado es María. |
The one who went to market is
Mary. |
| Las que usted vió son mis
hijas. |
The ones that you saw are my daughters. |
| La de la cara larga es mi prima. |
The one with the long face is my cousin. |
| Los de Madrid ya llegaron. |
Those from Madrid have already arrived. |
| Lo que yo deseo es comer. |
What I wish is to eat. |
229. Learn the conjugation of the irregular verb
dar, ' to give,' in the present and past absolute
indicative, 476.
230. Review:
a. The conjugations of the irregular verbs, 444-453;
of the irregular verbs decir, 477; estar, 478;
hacer, 480; ir, 481; poder, 483; querer, 485; saber, 486; ser,
488; traer, 490; and venir, 492 in the
indicative tenses.
b. The irregular futures and conditionals, 470
d; the irregular past absolutes,
471; the irregular past participles, 494.
|
