Spanish Personal Pronouns








Spanish Personal Pronouns

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Personal Pronouns




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139. The subject, direct object,
and indirect object forms of the personal pronouns are:

Singular
  Subject   Direct Object Indirect Object
1   yo, I me, me me, me, to me
2 tú,
thou, you
te, thee, you te, thee, you, to thee,
to you
   
3 { él, he, it le, lo, him, it le, him, to him, it, to it
ella, she, it la, her, it le, her, to her, it, to it
usted, you { le, lo (masc.),
la (fem.),you
le, you, to you

Plural
  Subject   Direct Object Indirect Object
1   nosotros, -as, we nos, us nos, us, to us
2 vosotros, -as, you, ye os, you, ye os, you, to you
   
3 { ellos, they (masc.) los, them les, them, to them
ellas,
they (fem.)
las, them les, them, to them
ustedes, you { los (masc.),
las (fem.), you
les, you, to you

a. For the use of the subject pronouns see Lesson IV.

b. The direct object pronoun of the third person of the
masculine singular has two forms, le and lo.
According to some grammarians le is
used for persons and lo for things, but this
rule is not generally observed. Either le or
lo may be correctly used, whether referring to
persons or to things.

c. In addition to the above forms there are found also
the form les for los and the
forms la, las for le, les (fem.),
but these are all rare and condemned by the grammar of the Spanish
Academy (edition of 1913).

d. Since usted, ustedes may be masculine
or feminine, their object pronoun forms are (dir. obj.)
le, lo, los, (indir. obj.)
le, les, like the object forms of él,
ellos;
or (dir. obj.) la, las, (indir.
obj.
) le, les, like the object forms of
ella, ellas:

Usted (Carlos)
está alli; le
or lo
veo y le hablo.
You are there; I see you
and
I speak to you.
Usted (María) está
allí;
la veo y le hablo.
You are there; I see you and
I speak to you.
Ustedes (Manuel y Carlos) están
allí; los vemos y les hablamos.
You are there; we see you and we speak
to you.
Ustedes (María y Mercedes)
están allí; las vemos y les hablamos.
You are there; we see you and we speak
to you.


e. A neuter form ello, objective case
lo, is used to refer to a general idea or phrase.

Ello es que llegó. The fact is that he arrived.
No lo creo. I do not believe it.
Convengo en ello. I agree to it.
¿Es bueno? Lo es. Is it good? It is.

140. Position of Object Pronouns.

a. The personal object pronouns regularly precede the
verb forms.

Él me da el libro. He gives me the book.
Nos vieron. They saw us.
¿Los compró él? Did he buy them?

b. With the infinitive, the present participle, and
the positive imperative, however, the pronouns follow the verb
forms and are attached to them. Examples:

Vino sin verios. He came without seeing them.
Comprándolos, buying them.
Dame el libro. Give me the book. (Pos. impv.)
Déme el libro. Give me the book.
(Subj. used for pos. impv.)

c. When the infinitive or present participle is used
with an auxiliary verb, the position of the pronoun is optional,
both rules applying.

Quiero verla.
La quiero ver.
} I wish to see her.
 
Está hablándome.
Me está hablando.
} He is speaking to me.

d. In literary style the object pronouns may follow
the verb, even in case (a), above.

Hablóme. He spoke to me.

e. When the sentence is negative, no always
precedes the object pronoun.

No quiero verla. I do not want to see her.
No me ve. He does not see me.

 

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SPANISH GRAMMAR
15-16.
Regular Present Indicative Endings of ar, er, ir verbs.
17. Negation.
24-26. Noun.
27. Possession
34. The Articles
42-45. Subject Pronouns
46. Nouns.
53. The Verb.
61-64. Adjectives
70-73. Apocopation of Adjectives
79. Irregular Verbs
80. Idiomatic Expressions
86. Irregular Past Absolute
95-96. The verbs: Ser and Estar
102-104. Future Indicative and Conditional
110-115. Formation Of The Participles
121-125. Idioms with Tener, Deber and Haber
131-133. Irregular Verbs:
139-140. Personal Pronouns
146-148. Two Object Pronouns
154-157. Prepositional Forms As Object Pronouns
163-168. Reflexive Verbs
174-178. Reflexive Verbs (Continued)
184-188. Gustar. Sí and No. Mismo.
194-195. Radical Changing Verbs.
201. Radical Changing Verbs (Continued)
207-211. Inceptive Verbs. Adverbs
216-220. Possessive Adjectives
226-228. Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns
236-239. Relative Pronouns
245-250. Interrogative Adjectives and Pronouns
256-265. Numbers. Numerical Expressions
270-272. Verbs With Orthographic Changes
278-279. The Seasons, Months, Days Of The Week, Etc.



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