334. The subjunctive may be used
in Spanish in various adverb clauses.
The most important conjunctions and conjunctive expressions which
may introduce subjunctives of this kind are the following:
a. Time or extent (temporal clauses).
| antes (de)
que, |
before |
hasta que, |
until |
| después de que, |
after |
luego que, |
as soon as |
| cuando, |
when |
siempre que, |
whenever |
| |
| Levántese V. antes
de que vengan. |
Rise before they come. |
Iremos a verla después de
que V. haya venido. |
We shall go to see her after you have come. |
Dígale que cuando yo diga
es cuando debe venir. |
Tell him that when I say so is when he must
come. |
| Se lo diré cuando me lo pregunte. |
I shall tell it to him when he
asks me about it. |
Estése aquí hasta que
llegue
el tren. |
Stay here until the train arrives. |
| Luego que llegue, se viene. |
When it arrives, you will come. |
Siempre que vea a mis
amigos déles mis memorias. |
Whenever you see my friends give them my
regards. |
;
b. Purpose or result.
a fin de que
de manera que
de modo que
para que
que |
} |
in order (that), so that, so
as |
| |
| Se lo
dijimos |
{ |
para
que
a fin de que |
} |
viniese. |
We told it to
him that
he might come. |
| |
| Bajó la celosía |
{ |
de manera
de modo que |
} |
no entrase la luz. |
He lowered the blind
so that the light could not enter. |
| |
Voy a cerrar la puerta
para
que no entre nadie. |
I am going to close the door
so that no one will come in. |
| Iré de modo que no me vean. |
I shall go so that they may not see me. |
Déselo todo que no vuelva
a pedir más. |
Give it all to him so that he will not ask
any more. |
1. Negatively:
| no sea que, |
lest |
| sin que, |
without |
| |
Déle el dinero ahora, no sea
que se le olvide. |
Give him the money now, lest
you forget it. |
| Fuí sin que me llamaran. |
I went without being called. |
| Voy sin que me llamen. |
I am going without being called. |
c. Condition.
| dado que, |
|
in case that |
| en caso (de)
que, |
|
in case that, if |
a menos que
a no ser que |
} |
unless, lest |
| que, |
|
whether |
| sea que, |
|
whether, if |
| |
| Dado que se haya ido
no hay razón para aflijirse. |
In case he has gone there is
no reason for being distressed. |
| |
| No voy |
{ |
a no ser que
a menos que |
} |
usted (no)
vaya conmigo. |
I will not go unless you go
with me. |
| |
Que me pregunte o no,
yo no le diré nada. |
Whether he asks or not,
I will not tell him anything. |
Sea que ellos se decidan a
partir o no, yo partiré la
semana que viene. |
Whether they decide to leave or not, I will
leave next week. |
d. Concession.
| aunque, |
although, though, even if |
| a pesar de que, |
in spite of |
| aun cuando, |
even if |
| por . . . que, |
however |
| |
Aunque hayan venido,
no iré a verlos. |
Although they have come,
I shall not go to see them. |
Aunque se enojen,
no me importa. |
Even if they become angry,
I do not care. |
A pesar de que Vds. se lo
digan, no lo va a creer. |
In spite of your telling it to him,
he will not believe it. |
Aun cuando no tengan nada,
no deben perder la esperanza. |
Even when you have nothing,
you must not lose hope. |
Por bueno que sea no lo
quiero. |
However good it may be,
I do not want it. |
335. In many of the above cases the indicative
is used when stating facts, especially in past time.
| Me fuí después
de que vino. |
I went after he came. |
| Me lo dijo luego que llegó. |
He told it to me when he arrived. |
| Nos traía dulces siempre que
venía. |
He brought us candy whenever
he came. |
Cerró la puerta de manera
que nadie entró. |
He closed the door so that no
one came in. |
| Aunque llovía salió. |
Although it was raining, he left. |
Cuando nos dieron el dinero,
nos fuimos. |
When they gave us the money, we left. |
|
